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PHYLOXERA

A vine louse devastated the vineyards of Europe in the late 18th Century. The cause of the disease was initially uncertain, but eventually, the Phylloxera vastatrix louse was identified on the roots of the affected vines. It was imported from North America, where the Indigenous American Vitis labrusca vines are resistant to the effects of the louse. The solution: graft the European Vitis vinifera vines onto American rootstock.​

PINOT NOIR

A highly regarded noble red grape variety originally from Burgundy, proven to produce some of the most velvety, voluptuous red wines.​

PINOTAGE

A red grape that is a cross between Pinot Noir and Cinsault, grown commercially only in South Africa, where it is fermented at higher temperatures and matured in new oak for finesse and elegant berry flavors.​

POMACE

The skins, seeds, pulp, and stems are left in the fermenting vat or cask after winemaking and are one of the necessary ingredients in the distillation of French marc and Italian grappa.​

PRUNING

Essential vineyard practice, important in canopy management.